Full cohort (n = 3,571) Full cohort (n = 3,571) With ARI (n = 968) With ARI (n = 968) No ARI (n= 2,603) No ARI (n= 2,603) No ARI (n= 2,603)
p-valuea
p-valuea
p-valuea
p-valuea
With bARI (n = 745) With bARI (n = 745)
Demographics n (%) n (%) n (%) (%) n (%)
Age in years (median, [IQR]) 2.8 [1.4, 5.5] 2.3 [1.1, 4.7] 2.9 [1.6, 5.8] [1.6, 5.8] <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 2.2 [1.0, 4.7]
Male gender 1,932 (54.1%) 546 (56.4%) 1,386 (53.2%) (53.2%) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 417 (56.0%)
Publically insured 1,980 (55.4%) 562 (60.7%) 1,418 (53.5%) (53.5%) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 450 (60.4%)
Race White
Black
Other
2,558 638 375 (71.6%) (17.9%) (10.5%) 689 173 106 (71.2%) (17.9%) (11.0%) 1,869 465 269 (71.8%) (17.9%) (10.3%) (71.8%) (17.9%) (10.3%)
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
542 125 78 (72.8%) (16.8%) (10.5%)
Hispanic ethnicity 145 (4.1%) 46 (4.8%) 99 (3.8%) (3.8%) 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 35 (4.7%)
Clinical Characteristics
BPD/CLDI diagnosisb 932 (26.1%) 233 (24.1%) 699 (26.9%) (26.9%) <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 162 (21.7%)
Number of complex chronic conditions 1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-12
273 726 1,476 879 217 (7.6%) (20.3%) (41.3%) (24.6%) (6.1%) 47 145 406 295 75 (4.9%) (15.0%) (41.9%) (30.5%) (7.7%) 226 581 1,070 584 142 (8.7%) (22.3%) (41.1%) (22.5%) (5.5%) (8.7%) (22.3%) (41.1%) (22.5%) (5.5%)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
35 100 305 240 65 (4.7%) (13.4%) (40.9%) (32.2%) (8.7%)
Time of tracheostomy in years (median, [IQR]) 1.8 [0.8, 3.5] 1.4 [0.4, 3.1] 1.9 [0.9, 3.6] [0.9, 3.6] <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 1.3 [0.3, 2.8]
Baseline ventilator usec 2,484 (69.6%) 675 (69.7%) 1,809 (69.5%) (69.5%) 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 535 (71.8%)
Encounter type at culture collection Hospital or ED
Office visit
Specimen collection only
2,966 368 237 (83.1%) (10.3%) (6.6%) 867 79 22 (89.6%) (8.2%) (2.3%) 2,099 289 215 (80.6%) (11.1%) (8.3%) (80.6%) (11.1%) (8.3%)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
654 72 19 (87.8%) (9.7%) (2.6%)
Department at culture collection Acute care
Critical care
OR/Bronchoscopy suite
Emergency Department
Pulmonology, ENT Clinic
Other Clinicd or Lab
1,394 251 999 289 244 394 (39.0%) (7.0%) (28.0%) (8.1%) (6.8%) (11.0%) 638 112 64 49 55 50 (65.9%) (11.6%) (6.6%) (5.1%) (5.7%) (5.2%) 756 139 935 240 189 344 (32.8%) (5.3%) (35.9%) (9.2%) (7.3%) (13.2%) (32.8%) (5.3%) (35.9%) (9.2%) (7.3%) (13.2%)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
514 86 12 39 52 42 (69.0%) (11.5%) (1.6%) (5.2%) (7.0%) (5.6%)
Respiratory Culture Characteristics Respiratory Culture Characteristics
Specimen source Tracheostomy aspirate
Bronchoalveolar lavage
2,176 1,395 (60.9%) (39.1%) 811 157 (83.8%) (16.2%) 1,365 1,238 (52.4%) (47.6%) (52.4%) (47.6%)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
672 73 (90.2%) (9.8%)
Polymicrobial growth 134 (3.8%) 48 (5.0%) 86 (3.3%) (3.3%) 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 46 (6.2%)
WBCs quantified on gram staine Many
Moderate
Few
Very few
None
1,414 731 723 458 204 (39.6%) (20.5%) (20.2%) (12.8%) (5.7%) 479 189 177 82 33 (49.5%) (19.5%) (18.3%) (8.5%) (3.4%) 935 542 546 376 171 (35.9%) (20.8%) (21.0%) (14.4%) (6.6%) (35.9%) (20.8%) (21.0%) (14.4%) (6.6%)
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
376 150 129 60 23 (50.5%) (20.1%) (17.3%) (8.1%) (3.1%)